Improving the impact property and heat‐resistance of PLA/PC blends through coupling molecular chains at the interface

The influences of both the molecular structure and the melt viscosity differences between Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycarbonate (PC) on the interpenetration of molecular chains at the interface were investigated by comparing the dynamic mechanical properties and morphologies of the as‐prepared PLA/PC solution‐casting blends with those of their corresponding annealed (180°C, 8 h) samples or PLA/PC melt blends. Additionally, two chain extenders containing epoxy groups (ADR and TGDDM) were used to improve the interfacial strength. Subsequently, the interpenetration of PLA and PC molecular chains at the interface was also surveyed. Finally, the effects of the morphology formed by after adding ADR or TGDDM on the impact property, and heat resistance were discussed. The results showed that there was no interpenetration of molecular chains at the interface in PLA/PC melt blends because of the serious hindrance of the molecular structure and the melt viscosity differences. Although the interfacial strength achieved significant increase after adding ADR or TGDDM, the increase of the interfacial strength should be caused by the connection of ADR or TGDDM molecules with PLA and PC molecules at the interface through chemical bonds rather than the entanglements of PLA and PC molecular chains because of no interpenetration of PLA and PC molecular chains at the interface. Thus, the morphology formed after adding ADR or TGDDM is still the type of complete phase separation, which may be the most suitable morphology for achieving high impact and heat resistance PLA/PC blends because these two properties strongly depend on the crystallinity of PLA phase. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of polyethylene glycol on the crystallization and impact properties of polylactide‐based blends

Polylactide (PLA) was plasticized by polyethylene glycols (PEGs) with five different molecular weights (M_w = 200–20,000 g/mol). The effects of content and molecular weight of PEG on the crystallization and impact properties of PLA were studied by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and V‐notched impact tests, respectively. The results revealed that PEG‐10,000 could significantly improve the crystallization capacity and impact toughness of PLA. When the PEG‐10,000 content ranged from 0 to 20 wt%, the increases in both V‐notched Izod and Charpy impact strengths of PLA/PEG‐10,000 blends were 206.10% and 137.25%, respectively. Meanwhile, the crystallinity of PLA/PEG‐10,000 blends increased from 3.95% to 43.42%. For 10 wt% PEG content, the crystallization and impact properties of PLA/PEG blends mainly depended upon PEG molecular weight. With increasing the M_w of PEG, the crystallinity and impact strength of PLA/PEG blends first decreased and then increased. The introduction of PEG reduced the intermolecular force and enhanced the mobility of PLA chains, thus improving the crystallization capacity and flexibility of PLA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

吊车荷载作用下钢结构吊车梁的疲劳可靠寿命评估

从Miner累积损伤的定义出发，视累积损伤为随机过程，临界损伤为随机变量，基于疲劳动态可靠性理论，提出了在役钢结构吊车梁疲劳剩余寿命的可靠寿命评估法。之后与现行《钢结构检测评定与加固技术规程》(YB9257-96)中安全期限寿命评估法进行了分析比较，说明了安全寿命评估方法的概率意义。算例分析结果表明，本文提出的可靠寿命评估方法更加合理。     

冲击消振器的概周期碰振运动分析

建立了冲击消振器对称周期运动的Poincar啨映射方程 ,讨论了对称周期运动的稳定性与局部分岔。通过数值仿真研究了冲击消振器在非共振、弱共振和强共振条件下的概周期碰振运动及其向混沌的转迁过程。     

Plane Collision Problem for Two Identical Elastic Parabolic Bodies—Direct Central Impact

A direct central collision of two identical infinite cylindrical bodies is studied. A nonstationary plane elastic problem is solved. The variable boundary of the contact area is determined. A mixed boundary problem is formulated. Its solution is represented by Fourier series. An infinite system of Volterra equations of the second kind for the unknown expansion coefficients is derived by satisfying boundary conditions. The basic characteristics of the collision process are determined numerically depending on the curvature of the frontal surface of the bodies     

Dynamic shearing resistance of molten metal films under high pressures and extremely high shearing rates

In the present study plate-impact pressureshear experiments have been conducted to study the dynamic shearing resistance of molten metal films at shearing rates of approximately 10⁷ s⁻¹. These molten films are generated by pressure-shear impact of relatively low melt-point metals such as 7075-T6 Al alloy with high hardness and high flow-strength tool-steel plates. By employing high impact speeds and relatively smooth impacting surfaces, normal interfacial pressures ranging from 1–3 GPa and slip speeds of over 100 m/s are generated during the pressure-shear loading. The resulting friction stress (∼100 to 400 MPa) combined with the high slip speeds generate conditions conductive to interfacial temperatures approaching the fully melt temperature regime of the lower melt-point metal (7075-T6 aluminum alloy) comprising the tribo-pair. During pressure-shear loading, laser interferometry is employed to measure normal and transverse motion at the rear surface of the target plate. The normal component of the particle velocity provides the interfacial normal traction while the transverse component provides the shearing resistance of the interface as it passes through melt. In order to extract the critical interfacial parameters, such as the interfacial slip-speed and interfacial temperatures, a Lagrangian finiteelement code is developed. The computational procedure accounts for dynamic effects, heat conduction, contact with friction, and full thermo-mechanical coupling. At temperatures below melt the flyer and target materials are described as an isotropic thermally softening elastic-viscoplastic solid. For material elements with temperatures in excess of the melt point, a purely Newtonian fluid constitutive model is employed. The results of this hybrid experimental-computational study provide insights into the dynamic shearing resistance of molten metal films at high pressures and extremely high shearing rates.     

柱形聚碳酸酯弹丸撞击刚性靶的实验研究

用Ф22×64mm的聚碳酸酯(PC)圆柱形弹丸,以172m/s~234m/s的速度撞击刚性靶板,用幅频为4.05×104幅/秒的高速数字相机记录了PC弹丸撞击时的变形过程,用PVDF测力薄膜测定了弹丸头部与刚性靶表面碰靶过程的应力-时间曲线,获得了可供建立分析模型参考的实验数据。采用Syomds-Cowper过应力模型对PC材料应变率敏感性进行了初步分析,根据经典的Taylor理论计算了PC的名义应变率和相应的动态流动应力,其结果与实验数据基本一致。     

Mechanism of wave formation at the interface in explosive welding

Some of the main progress on the investigation of the mechanism of the wave formation in explosive welding at the Institute of Mechanics is summarized and others' previous works are reviewed. Our systematic experiments and analysis do not substantiate the theory of wave formation based on Karman vortex-street analogy or Helmholtz instability. On the contrary, they show that material strength insensitive to strain rate plays an important role. A simple hydro-plastic model is presented to explain the main features regarding the interfacial wave formation and to estimate the magnitude of wave length. The result is in broad agreement with experiment.     

飞机风挡结构抗鸟撞一体化设计技术研究

结合大型非线性有限元分析软件，实践了飞机风挡结构由初步设计、数值仿真以及实验验证的一体化设计过程，建立了适于风挡结构材料的非线性黏弹性本构计算接口程序，对合理选取单元类型、材料模型、边界条件影响以及试验设计等工作细节进行了深入研究，通过实验与仿真计算结果的对比，验证了数值仿真计算模型的精度．为飞机风挡的抗鸟撞结构设计-数值仿真-实验验证一体化技术提供了支持论证．     

圆板动力反直观行为实验研究

对受子弹正向撞击的铝合金圆板进行了动力反直观行为的实验研究。描述了不同撞击速度下板的响应模式,发现了圆板中的反直观现象,即板的最终变形与子弹撞击方向相反,并记录了板在整个变形过程中典型点的位移历史曲线,进一步证实了结构动力响应的反直观行为是一种客观存在的弹塑性动力行为。